Women's smoking history prior to entering the US Navy : a prospective predictor of performance

(Disponible en anglais seulement.)
This prospective cohort study examined whether women's smoking behaviour prior to entering the US Navy was predictive of subsequent career outcomes. Results indicated that, for women entering the US Navy, being a daily smoker was a prospective predictor of poorer job performance.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2006.016436

Comment: I find it interesting that a study like this even took place. Did they conduct the same study with men?